Title:
To Study
the effect of resin finish on the Tear strength on 100% cotton fabric and
compare the properties of finished fabric..
1
Abstract:
The purpose of this experiment was to compared the Effect of Various Concentrations of on 100% Cotton Fabric. In
this experiment, we studied the crease recovery angle and tear strength of the given piece of sample and compared the properties of both
the samples. The resin used in this experiment is Fixapret CPF and F-ECO in the presence of
Condonsol FM which is MgCl2 in purified form is used as a catalyst
in resin finishing for acid medium. Different
concentrations like Fixapret CPF (80g/l,120g/l) and F-ECO (,80g/l,120g/l) of
resin were applied on fabric to check the effect of resin on different
mechanical properties of fabric. Fabric was dried at 120 °C for 2 minutes and
cured at 160 °C for 4 minutes. Then all samples were tested. Tear strength was
tested by Elmendorf’s Tearing tester. Crease recover of fabric was examined at
Crease Recovery Tester. And all the data of Fixapret CPF and F-ECO was
compared.
2
Introduction:
Resin finishing is a process of bringing
out a special property of “CREASE RECOVERY” to cotton. Resin are cross linking
agents which form covalent bond on reaction with OH group of cellulosic groups
in acidic medium at a PH of 3-4. The main objective of resin finish is to keep
the fabric surface flat and smooth and free from undesirable creases[1]. Resin finish also known by
some other name such as:
·
Wash and
wear finish
·
Anti-crease
finish
·
Crease
resistant finish
·
Durable
press finish
·
Wrinkle
free finish
Resin finish are of two types:
1.
Deposition
type of resin (not react with the fabric surface)
·
Phenol
formaldehyde resin
·
Urea
formaldehyde resin
·
Vinyl
resin
2.
Crosslinking
type of resin
·
DMU (di
methylol urea)
·
DMEU (di
methylol ethylene urea)
·
DMEHEU (di
methylol di hydroxy ethylene urea)
·
DMPU (di
metylol propylene urea)
Resin a chemical based finish that is
applied on the fabric to increase the crease recovery of fabric. It is a
special property that is mostly impart in cotton fabric. It is also called
Crease Recovery, Wash & wear, Anti Crease finish, Crease resistant finish,
Durable press finish and wrinkle free finish etc.
Crease or wrinkle is one of important issue
in cotton fabric. Everyone knows cotton is hydrophilic fabric. Its polymer is
cellulose that contains large amount of hydroxyl group. Shown in Fig. 1. These
hydroxyl groups are responsible for hydrogen bonding. When the fabric is folded
the previous hydrogen, bonding is destroyed and new bonding formed. New bonding
is stronger than previous so the fabric can’t move back to previous shape.
Fig.
1. Cellulose monomer
This issue can be lower down by applying
the resin on cotton fabric. Resin is a cross linker so it penetrates in the
amorphous of the cellulose. Resin reacts with hydroxyl group of cellulose and
form a new covalent bond. So, hydrogen bonding is reducer and covalent bond is
formed which is more stable than hydrogen bonding.
There are two types of resins.
Formaldehyde based resins:
·
Urea
formaldehyde
·
Melamine
formaldehyde
·
Dimethyloldihydroxyethylene
urea resins (DMDHEU)
Non-formaldehyde resins:
·
Dimethyldihydroxyethylene
urea. (DMeDHEU)
·
1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic
acid (BTCA)
The catalyst used for resin containing low
formaldehyde is condonsol FM. As the cross-linking take place in acidic
condition so catalyst provides acidic condition for cross-linking.
DMDHEU is most
commonly used because of its low formaldehyde content because in it oxygen is
more exposed so major part of protonation is on oxygen rather than on nitrogen
and it also have excellent durability to laundering because in it reaction with
hydroxyl group of fiber is pre- dominant than film forming us also used DMDHEU
for our experiment.
3
Materials
and Method:
3.1
Materials:
100% bleached cotton fabric is engaged for
to perform this experiment whose fabric quality is 40*40/110*90 and fabric
structure is plain weave and also the GSM of the fabric is 128 g/m2.
Resin Fixapret CPF manufactured by BASF Pakistan Pvt Ltd. Catalyst (Condonsol
FM). Resin Fixapret ECO manufactured by BASF Pakistan Pvt Ltd.
3.2
Method:
Firstly, the pickup percentage of the given
fabric is calculated by dipping it into the distilled water and then passing it
on the padder. The pickup of the given fabric is 93%. After that the amount of
the 8% resin used for the 300ml solution is calculated on the weight of the
fabric by following formula.
3.3
Recipe
§ Water 1000
ml
§ PH 5.5-6
§ Drying temperature 120 degree (2 min)
§ Curing temperature 160 degree (4min)
§ Resin: 8%
§ Condonsol: 20% of
Resin Used
3.4
Pick up
Wet
Pick up % 
3.5
Calculations
for the Resin
Resin Liquor
8% 93.10%
X 1000
X = 
X= 86.02
This is for 1000 ml to make the amount of resin
for 300 ml we will divide it on 3.33.
X=
X=25.83
g
Condonsol:
Required = 20% of
Resin Used
= 
Condonsol used = 5.2 g
Amount of water:
Required = Liquor –
(Resin + Condonsol)
= 300 – (25.83 + 5.2)
Water Used = 268.97 ml
As
calculated by the above formula the 25.83g Resin and 274g of the water is
stirred in a beaker. And also maintained the pH of the solution present in the
beaker at 6. Moving onto recipe setup, we went to the padder machine by
adjusting padder pressure at 2bar we passed the fabric through the padder
uniformly after that the given fabric was dried at 120oC for 2
minutes with the help of Stenter machine. The fabric was then again passed
through Stenter set at 160ºC for 4 minutes to cure it.
3.6
Characterization:
Specimen for crease recovery test was “1*2”
size. Warp side was 2” long for warp crease recovery test and similarly for
weft side. Sample was fold from the half of 2” side. Folded sample was placed
under 2000g weight for 1 minute. After 1-minute sample was let free to recover
for 1 minute. Then one side of sample was put in plates of crease recovery
tester. Other side of the sample was straight to below point and angle in front
of needle was noted. Angle for both warp and weft were noted. Three, three
specimens of warp and weft were examined.
Tear
strength:
The tear strength of fabric was checked by
ELMENDORF’S TEARING TESTER. Fabric was cut into 63.5*100 mm. Warp was 100 mm
long in the sample. A cut of 20 mm was placed on one end of sample. Test was
performed and reading of force required to tear the fabric was noted. Same
procedure was repeated 3 times.
4
Results and discussion:
it is clear that the amount of tear strength warp wise
will decrease on increasing the add-on value. The increase in the amount of
both CPF and F-ECO type of resin causes stiffness in the fabric and lowering
the mobility of yarn into the fabric structure. Thus, making it easy to break the yarn one by one on application of stress, thus the tear strength is reduced
as resin amount is increased.
it could be
seen that the tear strength of 100% cotton fabric decreases weft wise on
increasing the amount of resin whether it is CPF or F-ECO in the application
medium. As we already know that the application of resin causes stiffness in
the fabric thus reducing the mobility of yarn and thus making it easy to break
the yarn one by one on application of stress, thus the tear strength is reduced as resin amount is increased.
1
Conclusion
From the experiment performed
it was concluded that on increasing the amount of resin (both with
high and low formaldehyde content) it’s Crease recovery will enhance. Tear strength will gradually
reduce in warp direction of the 100% cotton fabric.
Tear strength will reduce in weft direction of 100% cotton fabric.
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