To apply different concentration of fluorocarbon base repellent finishes and characterized their repellency

Abstract:

                     In this experiment apply different concentration of fluorocarbon base repellent finishes and characterized their repellency .Two diffirent concentrations of Nano and Macro emulsions were applied on the fabric. PH 5 is maintained for the solution of softener. We used the padder to apply the softener on fabric. Fabric is dried and cured on stenter at temperature 120 0C and 1500C and time 3 minutes and 2 minutes. After that Coefficient of friction, Hand feel, tear strength and tensile strength of fabric is compared  Macro emulsion and Nano emulsion treated fabric each other.

 

Introduction:

                                    Softeners are surfactant that imparts softness to the fabric. A substance added to another substance to increase its softness or pliability. There are many types of softeners. We classified it on the basis of chemistry of softness imparting groups and on the basis of iconicity. Nano emulsions can be defined as oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions with mean droplet diameters ranging from 50 to 1000 nm. Usually, the average droplet size is between 100 and 500 nm. Nano silicon based softener have small molecular mass and easily penetrate into the fabric’s inner part. So inter fiber slippage causes due to Nano softener.

Macro emulsions are homogenous transparent thermodynamically stable systems which spontaneously when mixed in the correct ratio. Macro emulsions scatter light effectively and therefore appear milky, because their droplets are greater than a wavelength of light. They are part of a larger family of emulsions along with micro emulsions. Macro softeners work on the yarns level, because these are not as smaller as they can work on inter fibers level. So this is the reason that Nano emulsion softeners impart better softening on the textiles.

. Here we use the Nano emulsion of silicon softeners and other group use macro emulsion of silicon softener . By apply the softeners the inter yarns and inter fibers lubrication increase Of the fabric and co efficient friction also less .Due to these movement of chains easily and we feel softness. The second reason of softening is pilling effect.

 

Materials and methods:

 

Materials

Water

Softener (Nano emulsion)

Fabric

Acetic acid for acidic ph

 

Recipe

water                              1000 ml

Softener                         10 g/l

PH                                  5

Drying temperature        120 degree (3 min)

Curing temperature        150 degree (2min)

 

Method:

·         First of all weight the fabric on weight balance

·         After that take 1000 ml water in a beaker and add 10 g/l silicon softener(nano emulsion) in it and stirrer it to make a solution

·         Check the ph and make sure it is acidic of the solution

·         If the ph not acidic add acetic acid for acidic ph (almost 5 ph)

·         After that dip the fabric into the solution for 2 min

·         Remove the fabric from the solution and nip the fabric into two rollers

·         Again weight the fabric to check the pick up

·         Pick up can be calculated by given formula

·                  Pick up =(wet – dry)/dry *100

·         After that dry the fabric on stanter for 3 min at 120 degree

·         After that cure the fabric for 2 min at 150 degree

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Characterization:

 

Hand feel:

                         By taking the fabric between the index finger and thumb we check the hand feel of the treated fabric. It is subjective evaluation.

 

Co efficient friction:

                                        We check the coefficient of friction of treated fabric by using friction tester. We take 3 values of coefficient of friction. Friction tester gives us static and dynamic friction values. . We take the 3 samples of 26*12 cm and place it on the tester at horizontal position one by one. When one sample fixed horizontally take a sample  this sample attach on moveable part of the tester. Adjust the position of moveable part and on the tester .the moveable part move on the sample and we note the readings of static and dynamic fariction.Rapeat the procedure by change the sample.

 

Tensile strength:

                                Take the treated fabric and cut into three sample 6*2 inch in warp wise. Textile tensile tester is used. Fix the samples between two jaws of the tester. One jaw of the tester is fixed and other is moveable. Tensile tester apply force and stretch the fabric until the fabric tear and note the readings sample wise.

 

Tear strength:

                               Take the treated fabric and cut into three sample 100*63.5 in warp wise. Free fall pendulum tear tester is used. Note the values when tear the fabric. . Both ends of samples are hold and we make a cut of 20 mm. Free falling dead weights tear the sample apart and we note the readings at this point

 Results and discussion:

 

Hand feel:

                           The hand feel improves as we increase the concentration of softener. The hand feel of the samples on which the Macro emulsion was applied is better than the sample treated with Nano emulsion. As we know, that macro emulsion does not penetrate then Nano emulsion so it remains more on the surface of the fabric.  Macro emulsion has bigger structure. So this is the reason that macro emulsion softener causes more softness than Nano. But fastness property of Nano emulsion is better.

 

 

Coefficient of friction:

 

Coefficient of friction decreases as increases the concentration of softener. The surface becomes soft after treating the fabric so the friction coefficient decreases.

 


 if we compare sample A and C which are treated by the 10g/l of Nano and Macro emulsion of silicon softener. Sample A is treated with 10g/l Nano and Sample C is treated with 10g/l of macro emulsion. The Nano emulsion give is more effective results then macro emulsion. The dynamic friction of sample A is very less than sample C because in the case Nano emulsion the softener penetrate into the fabric. It penetrate the fiber level so it causes inter fiber slippage as well as yarn slippage so dynamic friction in case of Nano is less than the macro applied sample. And in the sample B and D the amount of Nano and Macro softener is 20g/l. The sample treated with Nano emulsion has less coefficient friction than the sample D. The Nano emulsion have the small molecular mass so it can penetrate into the fibers but Macro emulsion softeners are limited to yarn level. So macro emulsion softener cannot work at the fiber level so efficiently. This is the reason that the dynamic friction is less in case of Nano than the Macro emulsion softener.


Conclusion:

 

 The hand feel of the macro emulsion treated fabric was good than the Nano emulsion treated fabric. The tear strength of Nano emulsion treated fabric was good and less co-efficient of friction then macro emulsion applied fabric.